Chemistry: Glossary In The Chemistry of Life

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بســم الله الرحمــن الرحيـــم

Chemistry

Glossary In The Chemistry of Life





In this tutorial, you'll find the Chemistry Glossary In

The Chemistry of Life






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منتديات اختبارات القدرات والتحصيل

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:acid
any compound that forms H+ ions in solution


:activation energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started


:adhesion
an attraction between molecules of different substances


:amino acids
monomers of molecules that make proteins


:(base (alkaline
compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution


:buffers
weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

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:carbohydrates
compounds made up from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1.; used a s main source of energy


:catalyst
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction


:cohesion
an attraction between molecules of the same substance


:covalent bond
bonds formed when electrons are shared between atoms


:enzymes
Proteins that are biological catalysts that speed up reactions and drive all of life's functions


:ionic bond
bonds formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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:ions
atom that has a positive or negative charge


:isotope
atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons


:lipids
large and varied group of biological molecules that is generally not soluble in water. Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and used to store energy


:macromolecules
large molecules in cells made from thousands or hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules


:mixture
a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined


:monomers
small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers

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:monosaccharide
another name for simple sugars


:nucleic acids
Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information


:nucleotides
Individual monomers that make up nucleic acids. Consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base


:pH scale
indicates the concentration of H+ ions in solution


:polar
a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed


:polymers
large compound formed from combinations of many smaller monomers


:polysaccharides
large macromolecules formed from monosaccharide

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:proteins
Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, some are used to form bones and muscles, others transport substances into and out of the cells or help to fight disease


:saturated
the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms - no double bonds


:solute
substances that are dissolved


:solution
a mixture of two or more substances in which all of the components are evenly distributed


:solvent
the substance in which the solute dissolves


:substrates
The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions


:suspension
mixture of water and non-dissolved materials


:unsaturated
the fatty acids dont contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms - at least one double bond